Upset index
VriendenLoterij Eredivisie upset index
Matches won by the side the pre-match odds gave little chance, and which leagues and teams produce more upsets than expected. Index 100 = as many upsets as expected.
- Matches with a clear favourite
- 86
- Upsets
- 15
- Upset rate
- 17.4%
- Upset index
- 98
Filters
Odds data: 556,000 matches with a clear favourite between 31 Dec 2015 and 8 Nov 2026.
Biggest upsets
By the winner's pre-match chance (from odds) — lowest first
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VriendenLoterij Eredivisie
FC Twente1
FC Utrecht2
Winner's pre-match chance 11% · odds 8.50
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VriendenLoterij Eredivisie
ADO Den Haag2
PSV Eindhoven1
Winner's pre-match chance 12% · odds 8.00
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VriendenLoterij Eredivisie
NEC Nijmegen1
SC Telstar2
Winner's pre-match chance 15% · odds 6.50
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VriendenLoterij Eredivisie
FC Groningen2
Fortuna Sittard3
Winner's pre-match chance 16% · odds 6.00
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VriendenLoterij Eredivisie
SC Heerenveen0
PEC Zwolle2
Winner's pre-match chance 16% · odds 6.00
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VriendenLoterij Eredivisie
SC Cambuur3
NEC Nijmegen0
Winner's pre-match chance 21% · odds 4.50
VriendenLoterij Eredivisie: by season
The most chaotic and most predictable seasons
Giant killers
Win more than expected as the underdog
| Team | Underdog wins | Expected | Index |
|---|---|---|---|
| FC Utrecht |
2/5 | 1.0 | 118 |
| Fortuna Sittard |
2/8 | 1.2 | 114 |
| FC Twente |
1/1 | 0.3 | 113 |
 Sparta Rotterdam |
2/7 | 1.5 | 109 |
| SC Cambuur |
2/8 | 1.5 | 109 |
| SC Telstar |
2/9 | 1.5 | 108 |
| PEC Zwolle |
2/9 | 1.7 | 106 |
| SC Heerenveen |
1/4 | 0.8 | 104 |
| ADO Den Haag |
1/8 | 1.5 | 93 |
Upset victims
Lose more than expected as the favourite
| Team | Losses as favourite | Expected | Index |
|---|---|---|---|
| FC Groningen |
2/4 | 0.9 | 120 |
| FC Twente |
2/9 | 1.4 | 111 |
| PSV Eindhoven |
2/10 | 1.5 | 109 |
| ADO Den Haag |
1/2 | 0.5 | 109 |
| PEC Zwolle |
1/2 | 0.6 | 108 |
| SC Telstar |
1/3 | 0.8 | 103 |
| NEC Nijmegen |
2/8 | 1.9 | 103 |
 Excelsior |
1/3 | 0.9 | 102 |
| FC Utrecht |
1/4 | 0.9 | 102 |
 Go Ahead Eagles |
1/5 | 1.0 | 101 |
How is it calculated?
- Probability: From pre-match 1X2 (or two-way) odds, with the bookmaker margin removed proportionally: p = (1/odds) / Σ(1/odds). The same formula as the stats hub's “upsets by odds” block.
- Clear favourite and upset: Only matches with at least a 10-point gap between the home and away win probabilities count; if the favourite's opponent wins, it is an upset. Draws are not upsets. Winner's chance of 25% or less = big upset.
- Ranking: The lower the winner's pre-match chance, the bigger the upset (surprise score = 100 × (1 − chance)).
- Index: 100 × (actual upsets + 5) / (expected upsets + 5); expected = sum of the underdogs' win probabilities. The +5 pulls small samples towards 100. Teams have two directions: giant killing (winning as the underdog) and fragility (losing as the favourite).
- Calibration: Expected values are scaled by the source's overall hit factor (0.95 in this view), so a systematic bias of the source does not shift every league the same way.
- Historical (model): For past matches without odds, the probability comes from our learning Elo model replaying the full history chronologically and taking its state before the match (both teams need at least 15 matches; friendlies excluded). Never mixed with odds.